Report on Cardiac Gross Pathologic Measurements of Sudden Cardiac Death in Adults / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the gross pathological data of sudden cardiac death (SCD) with different causes, to provide data support for the identification of sudden cardiac death with unknown causes.@*METHODS@#A total of 167 adult SCD cases in the archive of the Forensic Expertise Institute of Nanjing Medical University from 2010 to 2020 were collected. The gross pathological data of SCD cases were summarized and the characteristics of different causes of death were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The ratio of male to female SCD cases was 3.4∶1. Coronary heart disease was the leading cause of SCD, and mainly distributed in people over 40 years old. SCD caused by myocarditis was mainly distributed in young people and the mean age of death was (34.00±9.55) years. By analyzing the differences in cardiac pathological parameters of SCD with different causes, it was found that the aortic valve circumference was significantly dilated in the SCD caused by aortic aneurysm or dissection (P<0.05). The heart weight of SCD caused by aortic aneurysm or dissection and combined factors was greater, and both pulmonary and tricuspid valvular rings were dilated in the SCD caused by combined factors in adult males (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Various gross pathological measures of SCD with different causes are different, which has reference value in the cause of death identification of SCD.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Overactive Bladder in Chinese University Students / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in young adults and to explore the influence of OAB on mental health. @*Methods@#Between October 2019 and January 2020, 14,010 anonymous questionnaires were distributed to freshmen at 2 universities in Henan, China. The students came from all over the country. The questionnaire included general items and information necessary to calculate the overactive bladder symptom score, the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. The relationships between the prevalence of OAB and its risk factors were evaluated. @*Results@#The overall prevalence of OAB was 6.0%, with 4.3% of participants characterized as having dry OAB and 1.7% as having wet OAB. The prevalence of mild OAB was 5.5%, and that of moderate OAB was 0.5%; no severe OAB was observed. Higher prevalence rates of OAB were found among women, respondents with constipation, and respondents with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) (P <0.05). Compared to healthy controls, the OAB group exhibited a higher mean SDS score (52.12±8.986 vs. 47.71±9.399, P<0.001) and mean PSQI score (5.28±2.486 vs. 4.27±2.431, P<0.001), but a lower mean SES score (27.78±3.599 vs. 29.57±4.109, P<0.001). @*Conclusions@#OAB significantly affects the mental health of young adults. Female sex, constipation, and PNE are risk factors for OAB.

A Study of Urodynamic Parameters at Different Bladder Filling Stages for Predicting Upper Urinary Tract Dilatation / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#To identify more accurate predictors of upper urinary tract dilatation (UUTD) in neurogenic bladder (NB) children, we studied the relationship among urodynamic parameters at different bladder filling stages, detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP) and UUTD. @*Methods@#A total of 158 children (3–16 years) with NB were included and then divided into 2 groups according to whether their NB diagnosis was complicated with UUTD: the UUTD group (39 patients) and those without UUTD group (control group, 119 patients). The bladder filling phase was divided into 3 equal parts: the early, middle, and end filling stages. The bladder compliance (BC) and detrusor pressure (△Pdet) at each phase and DLPP at the end filling stage were recorded. @*Results@#A BC8 cm H2O in the early stage, 20 cm H2O in the middle stage and 25 cm H2O in the end stage are more sensitive than △Pdet >40 cm H2O in the end stage (82%, 85%, 85%, vs. 49%). A DLPP cutoff value of 20 cm H2O showed higher sensitivity for predicting UUTD than 40 cm H2O. @*Conclusions@#Low BC and a high △Pdet in the middle and end filling stages are more accurate factors than classic indicators for predicting UUTD. In addition, a DLPP value of >20 cm H2O in the end bladder filling stage shows high sensitivity.

CXCL5 inhibits tumor immune of lung cancer via modulating PD1/PD-L1 signaling / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the role of CXCL5 in tumor immune of lung cancer and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: A total of 62 cases of patients with lung cancer admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University from May 2018 to December 2019 were recruited as study object. Another 20 cases of patients with pulmonary infectious diseases and 20 cases of healthy control were selected as control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine serum levels of CXCL5 in patients with lung cancer, pulmonary infectious diseases and healthy control. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to detect the expressions of CXCL5 and PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor and paracarcinoma tissues of patients with lung cancer. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CXCL5 and PD-1 in tumor and paracarcinoma tissues of patients with lung cancer. Lewis cells either expressing CXCL5 or vector plasmids were used to establish C57BL/6J mice model of lung cancer, and all mice were then divided into vehicle and PD-1 antibody treatment groups, 10 mice for each group. The mice survival and tumor growth curves were recorded. IHC was used to evaluate the expressions of CXCL5, PD-1 as well as the proportions of CD8(+) T and Treg cells in xenograft tumor tissues. Results: In patients with lung cancer, the serum level of CXCL5 [(351.7±51.5) ng/L] was significant higher than that in patients with pulmonary infectious diseases and healthy control [(124.7±23.4) ng/L, P<0.001]. The expression levels of CXCL5 (0.136±0.034), CXCR2 (0.255±0.050), PD-1 (0.054±0.012) and PD-L1 (0.350±0.084) in tumor were significant higher than those in paracarcinoma normal tissues [(0.074±0.022), (0.112±0.023), (0.041±0.007) and (0.270±0.043) respectively, P<0.001]. CXCL5 was significant positively correlated with PD-1 in tumor tissues of lung cancer (r=0.643, P<0.001), but not correlated with PD-1 in paracarcinoma tissues(r=0.088, P=0.496). The vector control group, CXCL5 overexpression group, vector control + anti-PD-1 antibody treatment group and CXCL5 overexpression + anti-PD-1 antibody treatment group all successfully formed tumors in mice, while CXCL5 overexpression increased the tumor growth significantly (P<0.01), which was abrogated by the treatment of anti-PD-1 antibody. CXCL5 overexpression decreased the mice survival time significantly (P<0.01), this effect was also abrogated by the treatment of anti-PD-1 antibody. The proportion of CD8(+) T cells in CXCL5 overexpression group [(10.40±2.00)%] was significant lower than that in vector control group [(21.20±3.30)%, P=0.002]. The proportion of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells in CXCL5 overexpression group [(38.40±3.70)%] was significant higher than that in vector control group [(23.30±2.25)%, P<0.001]. After the treatment of anti-PD-1 antibody, no significant difference were observed for the proportion of CD8(+) T cells [(34.10±5.00)% and (33.40±4.00)% respectively] and Treg cells [(14.70±3.50)% and (14.50±3.30)% respectively] in xenograft tumor tissues between CXCL5 overexpression+ anti-PD-1 antibody treatment group and vector control + anti-PD-1 antibody treatment group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The expressions of CXCL5 and PD-1/PD-L1 are all increased significantly in the tumor tissues of patients with lung cancer, CXCL5 may inhibit tumor immune of lung cancer via modulating PD-1/PD-L1 signaling.

Effect of Asiaticoside on Expression of Th17/Treg Cells in DBA/1 Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of asiaticoside （AC） on the expression of T helper 17 （Th17） cells and regulatory T （Treg） cells in DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis （CIA）. MethodMale SPF DBA/1 mice were randomized into six groups according to body weight： control group， CIA group， methotrexate group （MTX group， ip， 0.5 mg·kg-1）， and AC low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （ig， 5， 15， 45 mg·kg-1， respectively）. Modeling was performed in rats other than the control group. To be specific， they were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant on the first day and with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant on the 21st day. Administration began on the day of the second immunization， once a day for 28 days. On the 49th day， related tissues were collected. Then， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of the joints. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of interleukin-17 （IL-17） and forkhead box protein-3 （FoxP3）， the markers of Th17 and Treg cells， respectively， immunofluorescence double staining the expression of IL-17 and FoxP3 in CD4+T cells of mouse joint tissue， and flow cytometry the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in mouse lymph nodes. ResultCompared with the control group， CIA group demonstrated joint disorder， damage of articular cartilage and bone， severe bone erosion （P<0.01）， increase in stained CD4 and IL-17 and the integral absorbance （IA） （P<0.01）， decrease in stained FoxP3 and the IA （P<0.01）， rise of Th17/Treg ratio （P<0.01）， elevation of Th17 expression in mouse lymph nodes （P<0.01）， and reduction in Treg expression （P<0.01）. Compared with CIA group， MTX group and three AC groups showed normal joints， alleviated bone erosion and damage， intact and smooth joint surface， and decrease in stained IL-17 and IA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MTX group and AC medium-dose and high-dose groups registered decrease in stained CD4 and IA （P<0.01） and reduction in Th17/Treg ratio （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， AC medium-dose and high-dose groups showed rise in stained FoxP3 and IA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the lymph nodes of mice， decrease in expression of Th17 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the increase in expression of Treg cells （P<0.05， P<0.01） were observed in all the three AC group. ConclusionAC can regulate Th17/Treg balance by inhibiting the expression of Th17 cells and promoting the expression of Treg cells in CIA mice.

Huanglian Jiedutang Alleviates Liver Injury in Septic Mice by Inducing Autophagy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore effect of Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） on autophagy-related protein expression in septic mice with liver injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）. MethodSixty eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups， namely， the sham operation group， model group， and low- （1.44 g∙kg-1） and high-dose （2.88 g∙kg-1） HLJDT groups， with 15 in each group. The septic model was established by CLP after the last administration of HLJDT for three successive days. The survival rate of mice with 24 h was observed. The mice were sacrificed 12 h after operation for collecting the serum and liver tissue. The levels of serum interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum by biochemical method. The pathological changes in liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the apoptosis index （AI） of hepatocytes by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. The expression levels of protein high-mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1）， Beclin1， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）-Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the liver tissue were assayed by Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed reduced survival rate at 12 and 24 h， elevated IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β levels， enhanced AST and ALT activities （P<0.05）， hepatocyte swelling， inflammatory cell infiltration， and apoptosis， and up-regulated HMGB1 （P<0.05）， Beclin1， and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， each medication group exhibited increased survival rate at 12 and 24 h， lowered IL-6 and TNF-α levels， weakened AST and ALT activities （P<0.05）， alleviated liver injury and apoptosis （P<0.05）， down-regulated HMGB1 expression （ P<0.05）， and up-regulated Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05）. ConclusionHLJDT alleviates the liver injury of septic mice possibly by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.

Regulatory effect of Wumen-Yiji powder on intestinal and hypothalamic serotonin signal transduction system in rats with diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the regulatory effect of Wumen-Yiji powder on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signal transduction system in intestine and hypothalamus of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats. Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group (10 rats) and diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome group (50 rats). The diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome group formed the diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome model after 2 weeks of senna leaf gavage and restraint stress. They were randomly divided into model group, deshute group (1.5 mg/kg), low, medium and high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San (6, 12, 24 g/kg), with 10 rats in each group. After continuous administration for 2 weeks, the contents of 5-HT in serum, colon and hypothalamus were detected by ELISA; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon in each group. The protein and mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH-1), serotonin receptor 3 (5-HT3R), serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4R), serotonin transporter (SERT) in colon and hypothalamus were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Results:Compared with the model group, the pathological morphology of colon in each treatment group was improved. Compared with the model group, the level of 5-HT in serum and colon significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the level of 5-HT in hypothalamus of rats in the low, medium, high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San significantly increased ( P<0.05). The expression of TPH-1, 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R protein significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of SERT protein in the medium, high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San significantly increased ( P<0.05). The expression of TPH-1, 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R protein in hypothalamus increased ( P<0.05), and the expression of SERT protein in the high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The mRNA levels of TPH-1 (4.778 ± 0.604, 3.278 ± 0.668, 1.670 ± 0.361 vs. 6.877 ± 0.148), 5-HT3R (3.807 ± 0.463, 2.697 ± 0.455, 1.132 ± 0.136 vs. 6.322 ± 0.778), 5-HT4R (4.521 ± 0.234, 2.801 ± 0.351, 1.331 ± 0.142 vs. 6.741 ± 0.293) in colon tissue of low, medium and high dose groups of Wumen-Yiji San decreased ( P<0.05). The level of 5-HT4R mRNA (0.616 ± 0.208, 0.726 ± 0.226 vs. 0.521 ± 0.062) increased ( P<0.05), and the level of SERT mRNA (1.563 ± 1.023 vs. 2.612 ± 1.035) in medium, high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The result showed that Wumen-Yiji San could regulate the expression of 5-HT signaling system relating proteins and mRNA in the colon and hypothalamus of IBS-D rats within a certain dose range, so as to improve the symptoms of IBS-D.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Activities and Mechanism of Triptonide / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The root of Tripterygium wilfordii has the effect in dispelling wind and eliminating dampness. Now it is mostly used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases. Triptonide is a diterpene small molecule compound extracted from T. wilfordii. In the early years， it was studied as a potential drug with anti-inflammatory and anti-reproductive effects. Recently， researchers found that its anti-tumor effect was particularly prominent because triptonide could inhibit the growth of a variety of tumors with different mechanisms at the nanomole dose， with a potential to be used as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer drug. In addition， due to the low yield from T. wilfordii， low bioavailability due to poor water solubility and anti-reproductive side effect as an antitumor drug， it will become study hotspots to exploring its synthesis and preparation and modifying its structure to reduce cost， improve bioavailability and reduce side effect， while maintaining its pharmacological activity. The authors reviewed domestic and foreign studies and patents on triptonide， and summarized its pharmacological activity and mechanism. It is found that although current studies on triptonide are still in the preliminary stage， there have been increasingly more studies on its anti-tumor mechanism year by year since 2014. This paper mainly introduces the antitumor pharmacological activity and mechanism of triptonide. In addition， it reviews anti-inflammatory， immunosuppression and anti-reproductive pharmacological effect of triptonide， as well as the existing studies on its toxicity， synthesis and structural modification. The authors put forward some personal ideas on its future study direction， in the hope to provide thinking and inspirations for other researchers and provide references for further development and research.

Analysis on Feasibility of Electronic Nose Technology for Identification of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus from Authenticity and Specifications / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish a new fast and accurate method for identifying the authenticity and specifications of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus based on electronic nose technology， and to discuss the feasibility of this technology in the identification of decoction pieces. Method:Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus was used as the research object， 80 batches of samples to be tested were collected， and the olfactory sensory data of the electronic nose were taken as independent variables （<italic>X</italic>）， the results of the method contained in the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic> were taken as the focus， and the traditional empirical identification results were used as benchmarking information （<italic>Y</italic>）. Four chemometric methods， including discriminant analysis （DA）， least square support vector machine （LS-SVM）， principal component analysis-DA （PCA-DA） and partial least squares-DA （PLS-DA）， were used to establish the identification model ［<italic>Y</italic>=<italic>F</italic>（<italic>X</italic>）］ of authenticity and commodity specifications of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus， respectively. Wherein， the identification accuracy and time-consuming was taken as indicators to discuss the results. Result:After cross-verification by leave-one-out method， the correct rates of the above four models were 93.75%， 91.25%， 95.00% and 95.00%， respectively， and the PCA-DA and PLS-DA identification models were the best in terms of authenticity identification. In specification identification， the correct rates of these four models were 86.67%， 88.00%， 89.33% and 68.00%， respectively， and the PCA-DA identification model was the best. The electronic nose had a high accuracy in the identification of authenticity and specification model， and the time consuming was relatively short. Conclusion:Electronic nose technology can identify Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus accurately and quickly， and has significant advantages in terms of timeliness and correct judgment rate.

Effect of Triptonide on Proliferation and Apoptosis of SHI-1 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of triptonide （TN） on proliferation， cell cycle， apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins of human acute monocytic leukemia（AML） cell line SHI-1， and to explore its possible mechanism of action. Method:The thiazolyl blue （MTT） colorimetric assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effect of 20，40，80，160，320 nmol·L^-1 triptonide on the proliferation of SHI-1 cells for 48， 72 h. Changes in SHI-1 cell cycle before and after triptonide treatment were detected by flow cytometry propidium iodide （PI） simple staining， and changes in SHI-1 cell apoptosis before and after triptonide treatment were detected by flow cytometry with AnnexinV/PI double staining. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of cysteine protease （Caspase）-3， Caspase-8 and nuclear transcription factor kappaB（NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） in SHI-1 cells before and after treatment with 80， 160 nmol·L^-1triptonide. Result:Compared with the blank group， 40，80，160，320 nmol·L^-1 triptonide significantly inhibited the proliferation of SHI-1 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01） in a dose-dependent manner for 48， 72 h， while 160， 320 nmol·L^-1 triptonide induced apoptosis of SHI-1 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01） for 48， 72 h， and 160 nmol·L^-1 triptonide could decrease the S phase ratio of SHI-1 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In addition， compared with the blank group， 80，160 nmol·L^-1 triptonide induced the downregulation of NF-<italic>κ</italic>B significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， 160 nmol·L^-1 triptonide induced the downregulation of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Triptonide can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis <italic>in vitro</italic> of SHI-1 cells， which may be related to the reduction of the cells in S phase proportion by triptonide， and the downregulation of the expression levels of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B proteins.

Effect of Fangji Huangqitang on Function of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of Fangji Huangqitang（FJHQT） on migration， adhesion，invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） induced by vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）. Method:HUVECs were induced by VEGF （20 μg·L^-1） <italic>in vitro</italic>. The effects of FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） on HUVECs were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT）， scratch repair， transwell migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation. Protein in HUVECs was extracted and protein expression levels of phosphorylated Janus kinase 1 （p-JAK1） were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with control group， VEGF （20 μg·L^-1） can increase the proliferation， scratch repair， transwell migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation of HUVECs cells （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， compared with VEGF group， FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） ，there is no significant effect on the proliferation of HUVECs induced by VEGF for 24 hours， but it can significantly reduce the scratch repair， migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation of HUVECs induced by VEGF within 24 hours （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with blank group， VEGF could induce abnormal elevation of p-JAK1 in HUVECs （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） could significantly reduce the expression levels of p-JAK1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FJHQT can inhibit the migration， adhesion and invasion of HUVECs， the mechanism may be related to JAK1.

Effect of Fangji Huangqitang on DBA/1 Mice Collagen Induced Arthritis and Synovial Angiogenesis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Fangji Huangqitang （FJHQT） on collagen induced arthritis （CIA） and synovial angiogenesis in DBA/1 mice. Method:DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into normal group， CIA group and FJHQT group. DBA/1 mice in CIA group and FJHQT group were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant on the first day， and DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant on the 21^st day to establish CIA model. On the day of the second immunization， the drug was given by gavage once a day for 28 days. On the 22^nd day， the arthritis score and other symptoms of CIA mice were observed. On the 49^th day， Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was carried out to observe the angiogenesis in the synovium of CIA mice， the expression of vascular endothelial cell marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （CD31） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the synovium of CIA mice were detected. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the mature and immature vessels in the synovium of CIA mice. And the microvascular growth of the rat thoracic aortic ring was induced by VEGF （20 μg·L^-1）. The effects of FJHQT （0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1） at different concentrations were observed under microscope. Result:Compared with the normal group， the inflammation， joints， red and swelling of the inflammatory joints of the CIA group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The scores of clinical arthritis， the incidence rate， synovial inflammation and angiogenesis were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The density of blood vessels， the positive expression of CD31 and VEGF， the number of immature vessels in synovial membrane were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. And compared with the CIA group， the inflammation， joint swelling， and malformation of the FJHQT group were significantly improved， the clinical arthritis score， incidence rate， synovial inflammation and angiogenesis were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The vascular density， the positive expression of CD31 and VEGF， and the number of immature blood vessels in synovial membrane were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with blank group， VEGF could significantly induce the growth of microvasculature in rat thoracic aortic ring （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with VEGF group， FJHQT（0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1） could significantly inhibit the formation of microvasculature in rat thoracic aortic ring （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FJHQT can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and condition of CIA mice， reduce the clinical arthritis score and incidence rate，and inhibit the synovial angiogenesis of CIA mice joints and VEGF induced microvascular formation in rat thoracic aortic rings.

Effect of Acupuncture on Constipation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture on constipation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods:From January, 2019 to November, 2020, 50 ASD children with constipation from Rehabilitation Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine were admitted and randomly divided into acupuncture-rehabilitation group (n = 25) and medicine-rehabilitation group (n = 25). For constipation, the acupuncture-rehabilitation group used scalp acupuncture, body acupuncture combined with rehabilitation; the medicine-rehabilitation group took probiotics orally combined with rehabilitation. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation for constipation and the core symptoms. Constipation was treated for eight weeks, and ASD symptoms was treated for twelve weeks. After eight weeks and twelve weeks, the efficacy of constipation and the scores of main symptoms of constipation were compared, and they were also evaluated with Autism Child Behavior Scale (ABC) and Autism Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC). Results:Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the main symptoms of constipation, nor the scores of ABC and ATEC between two groups (P > 0.05). Eight weeks after treatment, the main symptoms of constipation significantly improved (t > 5.473, P < 0.001); twelve weeks after treatment, the efficacy of constipation and the main symptoms of constipation were better in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in the medicine-rehabilitation group (Z = 2.848, t = -2.139, P < 0.05). Eight weeks after treatment, the scores of ABC and ATEC significantly decreased (t > 7.139, P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05); the score of behavior of ATEC significantly decreased in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group (t = 3.849, P < 0.01), and was lower than that of the medicine-rehabilitation group (t = -2.643, P < 0.05), and no significant difference in other items was found between two groups (P > 0.05); twelve weeks after treatment, the scores of ABC and ATEC were lower in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group than in the medicine-rehabilitation group (|t| > 2.156, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture-rehabilitation can improve the longer-lasting effect of constipation, and also improve the core symptoms of ASD, which is superior to medicine-rehabilitation.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. @*Methods@#An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. @*Results@#In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. @*Conclusions@#In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Understanding and Perceptions of Stroke Survivors Regarding Healthy Lifestyle Changes for Secondary Prevention

@#Introduction: This study explored stroke survivors’ understanding regarding stroke, the perceived facilitators and barriers of healthy lifestyle changes, and provision of secondary prevention education. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stroke patients (13 males and nine females; aged 34-80 years) who were attending rehabilitation clinics in three Malaysian hospitals. Each interview was audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using the framework approach. Results: Six themes were reported: understanding of stroke; facilitators of healthy lifestyle changes; barriers of healthy lifestyle changes; food taboos; recovery; and provision of secondary stroke prevention. A third of them were uncertain about the cause of stroke and the perception towards risk of recurrent stroke varied widely. The lack of secondary prevention education was obvious although many had received general verbal advices. Several personal, social, and environmental factors were identified as the facilitators or barriers in healthy lifestyle participation. Food taboos were common and had become one of the barriers in practising healthy eating practices. Families had a strong influence on the patient’s belief and behaviour changes, both in positive and negative ways. Besides, patients tended to have a problem in information recall, while some faced confusion during the early stages of stroke recovery. Conclusion: More efforts to improve knowledge regarding cause of stroke and secondary prevention strategies are needed. Use of appropriate behavioural changes strategies, family-centred approach and continuous health education are necessary to facilitate patients’ efforts at making successful lifestyle modification after stroke event.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. @*Methods@#An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. @*Results@#In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. @*Conclusions@#In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

Analysis on the influencing factors of low back pain in the occupational workers of key industries in China / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors of low back pain and the relationship of the influence of bad working posture, weight load and frequency of load and the dose-response relationship among the occupational workers of key industries in China. METHODS: A total of 57 501 employees from 15 key industries in China were selected as research subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The occurrence of low back pain in the past one year, as well as occupational factors such as job type, labor organization and work posture were investigated by using the Chinese version Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of low back pain in the occupational population of key industries in China was 16.4%(9 448/57 501). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of low back pain in females was higher than that in males(P<0.01). Married, obese, occasional and frequent smokers, and a history of lower back disease were associated with increased risk of low back pain(all P<0.05). The risk of low back pain was associated with older age, higher education level, and lower frequency of physical exercise(all P<0.01). The risk of low back pain was higher with longer working time, greater back curvature, and the high frequency of long standing and sitting position work, uncomfortable working posture, repeated operation per minute, and lifting>5 kg weight(all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The influencing factors of low back pain in the occupational population of key industries in China include bad working posture, high frequency load, weight load and other individual factors. There is a dose-response relationship with low back posture load and frequency of load.

Correlations between content of linarin in Chrysanthemum indicum and climatic factors in habitats / 中国中药杂志

Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF), the capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum, is widely used in proprietary Chinese medicine and daily chemical products. At present, CIF is mainly produced from wild resources and rarely cultivated. This study aims to reveal the correlations between linarin content in CIF and climatic factors in different habitats, and provide a theoretical basis for suitable zoning and rational production of medicinal materials. The content of linarin in CIF was determined by HPLC. Grey relational analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were carried out for linarin content with climatic factors. The results showed that the content of linarin in CIF was significantly different among different habitats. The grey relational degrees of climatic factors with linarin content was in an order of average annual precipitation>annual average sunshine hours>annual average temperature>longitude>annual frost-free period>latitude>altitude. Longitude, annual average temperature and average annual precipitation had significantly positive correlations with the content of linarin in CIF, whereas latitude and altitude showed negative correlations with it. The annual frost-free period and annual average sunshine hours had no significant correlation with the content of linarin in CIF. The content of linarin in CIF varied significantly in different habitats. High longitude, low latitude, low altitude, high annual average temperature and high annual average precipitation could be used as indicators for the habitats of high-quality Ch. indicum. This study provides a reference for selecting suitable producing areas of Ch. indicum and establishing artificial cultivation system.

Quality control of ethanol extraction process of Corydalis Rhizoma based on quality by design (QbD) / 中草药

Objective: To improve the quality control level of ethanol extraction process of Corydalis Rhizoma (CR) by using quality by design (QbD), so as to meet the extraction requirements of Kedaling Tablets. Methods: The critical process parameters were solvent multiple, extraction time and soaking time, and the critical quality attributes were dry extract rate, content and transfer rate of dehydrocorydaline. The response surface methodology was used to establish the mathematical model between the critical process parameters and the critical quality attributes. The overlapping design space of multiple index design spaces was established to select the optimal operation space, where the process verification was carried out. Results: The operating space parameters of ethanol extraction of CR was 14-24 h of the immersion time, 3.0-4.0 times of the first time solvent multiple, 1.5-2.0 times of the second and third time solvent multiple, and 1.5-2.5 h of the extraction time. Under this operating space, the extraction yield of CR was ranged from 6%-8%, the content of dehydrocorydaline was more than 2.8%, and the transfer rate was not less than 85%. Conclusion: The concept of QbD is helpful to improve the ethanol extraction process of CR, and to obtain a reliable and suitable extraction operation space for the production of Kedaling Tablets.

A rapid identification of authenticity and specifications of Chinese medicine Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus based on E-eye technology / 中国中药杂志

The quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets is correlated with clinical efficacy and drug safety, and plays a great role in promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the existing traditional artificial identification and modern instrument detection in terms of accuracy and timeliness have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately identify the quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets has become a high-profile issue. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of the application of electronic eye technology in the study of rapid identification of traditional Chinese medicine quality. A total of 80 batches of samples were collected and tested by Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus for traditional empirical identification(M_1) and modern pharmacopeia(M_2). The optical data was collected from electronic eyes, and the chemical metrology was used to establish suitable discrimination models(M_3). Four authenticity and commodity specification models, namely identification analysis(DA), minimum bidirectional support vector machine(LS-SVM), partial minimum two-multiplier analysis(PLS-DA), main component analysis identification analysis(PCA-DA), were established, respectively. The accuracies of the authenticity identification models were 82.5%, 90.0%, 96.2% and 93.8%, while the accuracies of the commodity specification identification models were 89.3%, 96.0%, 90.7% and 97.3%, respectively. The models were well judged, the authenticity identification was based on the final identification model of PLS-DA, and the commodity specification was based on the final identification model of PCA-DA. There was no significant difference between its accuracy and M_1, and the time of determination was much shorter than M_2(P<0.01). Therefore, electronic-eye technology could be used for the rapid identification of the quality of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus.